相反的，子宮頸抹片檢查在所有種類的癌症篩檢中則具有最好的成本效益。以公共衛生考量來看，子宮頸癌的病程發展通常十分緩慢，長達數年，又具有明顯的危險因子（性接觸），因此有相當高的機會可在癌症仍是早期時篩檢出來，最重要的是，抹片的成本很低，能夠大量推行。基於這些原因，一項癌症篩檢是否應該進行，民眾的健康改善程度和篩檢的成本與治療的風險都必須列入考慮。
[238] Individuals from Asian and South American countries also often prefer a slower, much less candid approach to disclosure than is idealized in The us and Western Europe, they usually think that often it would be preferable not to be explained to a few most cancers prognosis.[238] Generally speaking, disclosure with the analysis is much more common than it absolutely was while in the twentieth century, but full disclosure of your prognosis is not presented to lots of sufferers world wide.[238]
Cancers commonly crop up from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a selective advantage leading to clonal expansion (see Area defects in progression to most cancers). Mutations, nevertheless, may not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.
治療某些白血病和淋巴瘤則需要使用高劑量的化療或全身放射治療。這樣的治療方式是先將患者原有的骨髓細胞完全破壞，避免進行骨髓細胞移植時發生排斥作用。進行骨髓移植之後，依靠患者本身的復原能力，重新進行造血功能。移植的來源除了接受親屬或配對符合的捐贈者之外，也可將病患本身的骨髓細胞以及周邊造血幹細胞（英语：peripheral blood stem mobile）先取出存放待日後移植所需，稱為自體移植（英语：autologous transplantation）。
對於癌症高風險群，例如有家族病史，或是環境汙染（例如輻射屋居民）的人進行基因檢測，可做較深入仔細的檢查分析，服用預防藥物。確定有癌症相關基因突變的人，可藉由預防性的手術，降低癌症機會。
疲劳。癌症患者的疲劳有很多原因，但通常可以控制。与化疗或放疗相关的疲劳很常见，但通常是暂时的。
癌症患者治療和研究的進展限於醫師間各自的研究與測試，直到第二次世界大戰時期，許多醫學研究中心發現同一種疾病在不同國家間的發生率差別相當大，也促使各國的公共衛生組織互相通報疾病及流通醫院治療的資料，直到今日仍然是廣為各國採用。日本醫學界觀察到廣島和長崎原子彈受害者的骨髓完全被毀壞。他們認為放射線可能也可用來治療有問題的骨髓，這項發現開啟了使用骨髓移植治療白血病的想法。
Engraving with two views of a Dutch woman who experienced a tumor faraway from her neck in 1689 Most cancers has existed for all of human heritage.[226] The earliest penned history regarding cancer is from c. 1600 BC in the Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus and describes breast most cancers.[226] Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – c. 370 BC) explained many varieties of cancer, referring to them Together with the Greek phrase καρκίνος karkinos (crab or crayfish).[226] This name emanates from the looks on the Lower surface area of the stable malignant tumor, with "the veins stretched on all sides since the animal the crab has its feet, whence it derives its identify".
出生后发生的基因突变。大多数基因突变会在您出生后发生，并且不会被遗传。有多种因素会导致基因突变，例如抽烟、辐射、病毒、致癌化学物质（致癌物）、肥胖症、激素、慢性发炎和缺乏运动。
大约三分之一的癌症死亡源自烟草使用、高体重指数、酒精消费、水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及缺乏身体活动。此外，空气污染是肺癌的一个重要危险因素。
关于世卫组织 合作伙伴 专家组 世卫组织合作中心 世卫组织人员和办事处 我们是谁 规划、资金与问责 活动 措施 资金来源 理事机构 世界卫生大会 执行委员会 世卫组织网站主页/
There exists an Affiliation in between celiac disorder and an increased possibility of all cancers. Those with untreated celiac ailment have the next possibility, but this 癌症 chance decreases with time soon after diagnosis and stringent remedy. This can be due to the adoption of a gluten-absolutely free diet, which would seem to possess a protecting role towards the development of malignancy in people with celiac sickness.
準確的癌症分期與診斷對於癌症的治療相當重要，癌症治療的原則是先確立治療目標，主要目標則可分為治癒癌症、延長生命、減輕痛苦及安寧療護四大類，常見的治療方式有以下幾項。
Some slow-expanding cancers are specifically widespread, but typically are certainly not deadly. Autopsy reports in Europe and Asia showed that as many as 36% of folks have undiagnosed and evidently harmless thyroid cancer at time of their deaths and that 80% of Guys build prostate cancer by age 80.